At FL260

VOR stations are fairly short range: the signals are line of sight between transmitter and receiver and are useful for up to 200 miles.

Each station broadcasts a VHF radio composite signal including the navigation signal, station's identifier and voice, if so equipped.

At the tip

Stall speed is defined as the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable.

Meridians converge from their maximum distance apart (at the equator) to the poles where they meet.

Great circles are the shortest distance between two points and convergency represents the change in direction experienced between those points.

36,090ft in ISA

NDB’s can suffer from a lot of errors.

Profile drag, also known as pressure drag or form drag, is the drag caused by the separation of the boundary layer from a surface and the wake created by that separation.

It is primarily dependent upon the shape of the object and increases directly with speed as the faster an aircraft moves the more air molecules collide with it.

A wing stalls because the airflow over the wing’s upper surface separates when the critical angle of attack is reached or exceeded. This causes a reduction in the lift generated by the aerofoil

1. Unload. Make sure you are no longer 'pulling G's'

2. Roll wings level

3. Power Reduce the power to avoid overspeeding.

4. gently pull back on the control wheel to ease out of the dive.

When slowed down to a safe airspeed apply throttle as needed.

(N.b.: Do not confuse a spiral dive with a spin)