Advection fog occurs when moist air passes over a cool surface by advection (wind) and is cooled.

It is common as a warm front passes over an area with significant snowpack, but it is most common at sea when tropical air encounters cooler waters, including areas of cold water upwelling, such as along the coast of California.

Decision altitude (precision), the altitude at which a decision must be made during an ILS, MLS, or PAR instrument approach to either continue the approach or to execute a missed approach.

35 ft

For Reference:

• 50ft for Class B or A (<15° AoB at take-off or normal landings)

• 35ft for Class A (dry take-off or steep approach)

• 15ft for Class A (wet take-off)

The angle between the chordline and the incoming airflow.

The critical point (CP) is a point on a track where it is as quick to go on as it is to turn back.

Also known as ETP (Equal Time Point) and PET (Point of Equal Time).

Lift is the component of the total aerodynamic force perpendicular to the relative airflow.

Lift is generated when a streamlined body, such as an aerofoil, is placed in a flow of air.

Induced drag and its wing tip vortices are a direct consequence of the creation of lift by the wing.

Since the Coefficient of Lift is large when the Angle of Attack is large, induced drag is inversely proportional to the square of the speed whereas all other drag is directly proportional to the square of the speed.

The effect of this is that induced drag is relatively unimportant at high speed in the cruise and descent where it probably represents less than 10% of total drag. In the climb, it is more important representing at least 20% of total drag. At slow speeds just after take off and in the initial climb, it is of maximum importance and may produce as much as 70% of total drag.

Finally, when looking at the potential strength of wing tip vortices, all this theory on induced drag must be moderated by the effect of aircraft weight. Induced drag will always increase with aircraft weight.

Jet streams are narrow bands of high-speed upper thermal winds at very high altitudes.

The Boeing 737 has an all moving horizontal stabilizer.

Swept wings have:

• Poor lift qualities

• Higher stall speeds

• Speed instability at low speeds

• A wing-tip stalling tendency